Uniqueness of half-iterate of exp(x) ?
#14
(01/08/2017, 01:31 AM)Gottfried Wrote: Well, using the truncated series of the exp(x)-function up to 16 terms (Carleman-matrix-size) I get, using my own routine for matrix-square-root in Pari/GP with arbitrary numerical precision (here 200 decimal digits for internal computation) , the following truncated series-approximation:
\( \exp^{[0.5]}(x) \approx 0.498568472273 + 0.876337510066*x + 0.247418943917*x^2 + 0.0248068936680*x^3 - 0.00112303037149*x^4 \\
+ 0.000361451686885*x^5 + 0.0000337024986252*x^6 - 0.0000517784266699*x^7+ 0.0000259224188256*x^8 - 0.00000189354770473*x^9 \\
- 0.00000360748613972*x^{10} + 0.00000411482178000*x^{11} - 0.00000216221756598*x^{12} + 0.000000558540558241*x^{13} \\
- 0.0000000635173773180*x^{14} + 0.00000000192054352361*x^{15}+ O(x^{16})
\) 
This gives, for \( 0 \le x \lt 1 \) eight correct digits when applying this two times (and should approximate Sheldon's Kneser-implementation).                                   
The reason, why your function is badly misshaped might be: matrix is too small (did you only take size 4x4?) and/or the matrix-squareroot-computation is not optimal.

               
To crosscheck: one simple approach to the matrix-square-root is the "Newton-iteration".                       

Let M be the original Carleman-matrix and N denote its approximated square-root                 

initialize ...                 
\( N=Id \qquad \qquad \text{ /* Identity matrix of some finite dimension dim */}   \)                  

iterate  ...                                
 \( N = (M * N^{-1} + N)/2     \)                
until convergence   .
               
Unfortunately, the matrix N shall not be "Carleman" unless M were of infinite size; nitpicking this means, the function \(  \exp^{0.5}(x) \) with coefficients taken from the second row (or in my version:column) is not really well suited for iteration. (But this problem has not yet been discussed systematically here in the forum, to my best knowledge)
Gottfried

Did I take size 4x4? No, of course not, It was 20x20 later 84x84.
I made and recognised my mistake: I generate wrong Carleman matrix instead of M[exp(x)]_i,j = i^j/j!.
Now I regenerate the matrix and I got approximately the same solution.
It works, yuppie!  Smile
Thank you very much.
Could you tell me what you wrote into pari to calculate it out, please? I am not so good at pari codes.
Xorter Unizo
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RE: Uniqueness of half-iterate of exp(x) ? - by Xorter - 01/08/2017, 10:55 AM

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