I think it is based on regular iteration of the formal power series of sqrt(2)^x at fixed point 2.
If you look at https://www.researchgate.net/publication..._tetration
chapter 2.3.1 under "Regular C-iteration" you have a similar formula, though the infinite sum is not sorted by powers of s (in your case s=(ln2)^x ) but by powers of z, while in your case z=0 (at the regular iteration of f, not h). I guess after sorting it by powers of s you would arrive at the given formula (and know the further terms).
But this really involves quite some understanding and calculation, would be great if someone has some time to explicit it here.
If you look at https://www.researchgate.net/publication..._tetration
chapter 2.3.1 under "Regular C-iteration" you have a similar formula, though the infinite sum is not sorted by powers of s (in your case s=(ln2)^x ) but by powers of z, while in your case z=0 (at the regular iteration of f, not h). I guess after sorting it by powers of s you would arrive at the given formula (and know the further terms).
But this really involves quite some understanding and calculation, would be great if someone has some time to explicit it here.
