(09/10/2018, 03:00 PM)sheldonison Wrote:So I don't understand exactly what this wseries and xpoint is supposed to mean, I've never seen anyone use that notation. If it exists then what is relevant is a typical Taylor series (or some kind of functional series) just with a standard sum from n_0 to infinity for the -1 branch and that's it, nothing fancy, no fixed points or computational approximations.(09/10/2018, 12:27 PM)Chenjesu Wrote: I appreciate the work but the question was not limited to fixed points since the W function has a more general relationship to tetration. I looked on wikipedia and noticed that for some reason the Taylor series for the -1 branch is drastically more complicated, and so I was wondering if it has a simpler series representation.
The nice thing about this particular implementation of LambertW for the W-1 and W0 branch pair, is that it has very nice convergence properties. For example, this LambertW series converges for all z where 0.0016<abs(z)<84, plus many other points points with abs(z)<197. Normally, this series would be used as a seed along with Newton's method. The authors also give a closed form for the coefficients of the series in their paper (see below).
\( W(z)=-\text{wseries}\left(\pm\sqrt{-2(\ln(-z)+1)}\right) \)
\( a_0=1;\,a_1=1; \)
\( a_n=\frac{1}{n+1}\,\left(a_{n-1}-\sum_{k=2}^{n-1} k\,a_k\,a_{n+1-k}\right) \)
\( \text{wseries}=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}a_n\,x^n;\;\;\;\text{wseries}=\text{xfixed}+1+\frac{x^2}{2};\;\;\; \) relationship to my xfixed series
Anyway, -0.00069 at the limit of convergence is not zero, though it corresponds to an upper fixed point of ~13817 for b=1.00069. So the question is how does the Lambert -1 branch singularity behave near z=0, and is there an asymptotic?
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How do I cite this document and does it say what I think it says?
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09/10/2018, 09:30 PM
(This post was last modified: 09/15/2018, 01:47 AM by sheldonison.)
(09/10/2018, 06:50 PM)Chenjesu Wrote: So I don't understand exactly what this wseries and xpoint is supposed to mean, I've never seen anyone use that notation. If it exists then what is relevant is a typical Taylor series (or some kind of functional series) just with a standard sum from n_0 to infinity for the -1 branch and that's it, nothing fancy, no fixed points or computational approximations. wseries is just the Taylor series from this paper[45] ; we can express LambertW as follows where for negative z the +sqrt is the (-1) branch the Op asked about. \( W(z)=-\text{wseries}\left(\pm\sqrt{-2(\ln(-z)+1)}\right) \) \( W=-\text{wseries}\circ f;\;\;\;f=\pm\sqrt{-2(\ln(-z)+1)};\;\;\; \) I'm not sure what non-standard notation I'm using; this is just function composition ... Post#28 has the first 16 terms of the wseries Taylor series. The recursive formula for the coefficients was provided in post#30. wseries has the same a_3 to a_oo Taylor series coefficients as my xfixed series from post#27 which is before I discovered Corless's paper. My best guesss is that perhaps Chenjesu just views this as too complicated a solution, and he is looking for a simpler series. The simpler LambertW Taylor series for the main branch at z=0 only has a radius of convergence of 1/e, and won't work for the fixed points of any base>exp(1/e). So if that is Chenjesu's complaint, then yes, this is a more complicated series, but it is much more powerful since it gives the both the main branch and the (-1) branch, and since it converges for a fairly large subset of the complex plane. Since the (-1) branch is only real valued at the real axis from -1/e to 0, and it has a really complicated singularity at 0, so there is no hope of getting any series in x centered at x=0. Since the (-1) branch also has a square root branch at -1/e, that requires a square root term in the composition, so that can't be a simple series either. There probably aren't any other rational x,W(x) pairings besides at -1/e. The approach from Corless's paper has rational coefficients, and a square root in the substitution and is re-centered so that z=-1/e is mapped to zero; that might be the best that we can do for the (-1) branch.
- Sheldon
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